Plagiarism Screening

To maintain academic integrity, all submitted manuscripts undergo plagiarism screening using Turnitin or equivalent software before entering the peer-review process.

• The acceptable similarity index is below 20% (excluding references and quotations).

• Manuscripts exceeding this threshold will be returned to authors for revision or rejected.

• Plagiarism in any form — including self-plagiarism — is considered a serious violation of publication ethics and may lead to article rejection or retraction.