Hadis Tasyri‘iyyah dan Ghairu Tasyri‘iyyah: Analisis Tekstual-Kontekstual dengan Pendekatan Maqashid Syariah

Legislative and Non-Legislative Hadiths: A Textual-Contextual Analysis Using the Maqashid Sharia Approach

Abstract

The distinction between hadith tasyri‘iyyah and ghairu tasyri‘iyyah is one of the important issues in hadith studies, particularly in determining the position of hadith as a source of Islamic law. Misunderstanding the function of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) when conveying hadith may lead to an excessively textual or contextual interpretation. This study aims to analyze the classification of hadith tasyri‘iyyah and ghairu tasyri‘iyyah from the perspective of Ahmad Syah Waliyullah al-Dahlawi and to examine its relevance through Syuhudi Ismail’s textual-contextual approach to hadith understanding and Asy-Syatibi’s perspective of maqashid al-shariah. This research employs a qualitative method with a library research approach. The findings indicate that hadith tasyri‘iyyah refers to hadiths conveyed by the Prophet in his capacity as a messenger of divine revelation, thereby possessing normative authority in the formulation of Islamic law. Meanwhile, hadith ghairu tasyri‘iyyah relates to aspects of the Prophet’s human experience influenced by specific social and temporal conditions. The integration of al-Dahlawi’s classification, Syuhudi Ismail’s approach, and Asy-Syatibi’s maqashid al-shariah demonstrates that understanding hadith cannot be limited to textual analysis alone but must also consider the Prophet’s role, historical context, and the orientation toward public benefit (maslahah). Therefore, this integrated approach produces a more comprehensive, proportional, and relevant understanding of hadith in responding to the development of contemporary society